August 20 has been a date of notable historical events in American history, reflecting significant political, military, and cultural milestones. This article examines key events that occurred on this day, exploring their impact on the nation. From the early days of European exploration to modern political developments, August 20 has seen moments that have shaped the United States’ trajectory. Each section provides insight into these events, offering a concise yet detailed look at their significance.
What Happened on August 20 in American History?
Washington Prepares to Fight Cornwallis (1781)
On August 20, 1781, General George Washington began the strategic movement of his troops that would ultimately lead to the decisive Siege of Yorktown. Recognizing the importance of defeating the British forces led by General Charles Cornwallis, Washington started marching his army from the north towards Virginia. This movement was crucial in trapping Cornwallis on the Yorktown Peninsula, a maneuver that required careful coordination with French forces.
Washington’s decision to shift his focus to Cornwallis was influenced by intelligence reports and the support of the French navy. The convergence of French and American forces at Yorktown would culminate in the British surrender, effectively ending the Revolutionary War. August 20 marked the beginning of the end for British control in America, setting the stage for the birth of a new nation.
Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
The Battle of Fallen Timbers, fought on August 20, 1794, was a pivotal conflict in the Northwest Indian War, which pitted the United States against a confederation of Native American tribes allied with the British. Led by Major General “Mad Anthony” Wayne, American forces decisively defeated the Native American coalition near present-day Maumee, Ohio. This victory was instrumental in securing the Northwest Territory for the United States.
The battle’s outcome forced Native American leaders to sign the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, ceding large tracts of land to the U.S. government. This event marked the beginning of American expansion into the Old Northwest and underscored the military’s role in shaping the young nation’s borders. August 20 thus stands as a day that significantly altered the relationship between the United States and Native American tribes.
Wilberforce University Forms (1856)
On August 20, 1856, Wilberforce University was established in Ohio, becoming the first college in the United States to be owned and operated by African Americans. Named after the British abolitionist William Wilberforce, the university was founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church and the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, reflecting the deep ties between religious institutions and the abolitionist movement.
Wilberforce University played a crucial role in the education of African Americans during a time when access to higher education was severely limited. The institution became a beacon of hope and a center for intellectual and social progress, contributing to the advancement of African Americans in a post-slavery society. August 20 marks the founding of an institution that would continue to influence American education and civil rights.
President Andrew Johnson Declares U.S. Civil War Over (1866)
On August 20, 1866, President Andrew Johnson officially declared the end of the U.S. Civil War by issuing Proclamation 157. This proclamation specifically marked the end of “insurrection” in the state of Texas, which was the last Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union. Although the Civil War had effectively ended in 1865 with General Robert E. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House, this formal declaration was a significant legal step in the process of Reconstruction.
The proclamation was part of Johnson’s broader efforts to restore the Southern states to the Union and to establish peace and order in the post-war United States. However, Johnson’s lenient approach to Reconstruction and his conflicts with Congress would lead to his impeachment in 1868. August 20 thus serves as a reminder of the complexities and challenges of reunifying a nation torn apart by civil war.
America’s Great White Fleet Arrives in Sydney (1908)
On August 20, 1908, America’s Great White Fleet arrived in Sydney, Australia, as part of a global tour ordered by President Theodore Roosevelt. The fleet, consisting of 16 battleships painted white, was a demonstration of American naval power and a symbol of the country’s growing influence on the world stage. The arrival of the fleet in Sydney was met with great enthusiasm, and it strengthened the relationship between the United States and Australia.
The Great White Fleet’s journey around the world was intended to showcase American military strength and to assert the United States as a global power. It also aimed to deter potential adversaries and to promote peace through strength. The fleet’s visit to Sydney on August 20 was one of the many stops that solidified America’s presence in international affairs during the early 20th century.
Nelson Rockefeller Selected as Vice President (1974)
On August 20, 1974, Nelson Rockefeller was selected as the Vice President of the United States by President Gerald Ford. Rockefeller, a former Governor of New York and a prominent figure in the Republican Party, was chosen to fill the vacancy left by Ford’s ascension to the presidency following Richard Nixon’s resignation. This marked the first time in American history that the Vice President was appointed under the 25th Amendment, which had been ratified in 1967.
Rockefeller’s selection was significant because it represented a shift in the Republican Party towards more moderate policies. His appointment also underscored the importance of the 25th Amendment in ensuring a smooth transition of power in the executive branch. August 20 thus stands as a day that highlighted the adaptability of the American political system in times of crisis.
See Also: What Happened on August 20 in History?
George Steinbrenner Steps Down as NY Yankee Owner (1990)
On August 20, 1990, George Steinbrenner, the controversial owner of the New York Yankees, stepped down from his position. Steinbrenner had been a dominant figure in Major League Baseball since purchasing the team in 1973, leading the Yankees to seven World Series titles. However, his tenure was also marked by numerous controversies, including frequent changes in management and clashes with players.
Steinbrenner’s decision to step down was part of a deal with MLB Commissioner Fay Vincent, following an investigation into Steinbrenner’s involvement in illegal campaign contributions and other infractions. While Steinbrenner would later return to the Yankees, August 20 marked the end of an era in which his hands-on approach had both revitalized and polarized the franchise.
Steve Bannon Arrested for Fraud (2020)
On August 20, 2020, Steve Bannon, former chief strategist to President Donald Trump, was arrested and charged with fraud related to a fundraising campaign aimed at building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border. Bannon and three others were accused of diverting more than a million dollars from the “We Build the Wall” campaign for personal use. The arrest of such a prominent political figure sent shockwaves through American politics and underscored the ongoing controversies surrounding the Trump administration.
Bannon’s arrest on August 20 was part of a broader investigation into corruption and misconduct among those associated with the Trump presidency. It also highlighted the deep divisions within the country over issues like immigration and border security, which had become central themes in American political discourse.
Conclusion
August 20 has witnessed a wide range of significant events in American history, from military battles and political milestones to cultural developments and moments of legal importance. Each event reflects the evolving nature of the United States, its challenges, and its achievements. The diversity of these events underscores the richness of American history and the ways in which a single day can resonate across different periods and contexts.