September 12 has witnessed several significant moments in Canadian history that span from military achievements and political milestones to cultural contributions. On this date, historical events have shaped Canada’s development, including the capture of Quebec in 1759, the founding of Maple Ridge, the evolution of the civil service, and notable international conferences. Additionally, the birth of influential Canadians in fields such as literature, music, and hockey serves as a reminder of Canada’s diverse contributions to the world. This article delves into these key moments and figures associated with September 12 in Canadian history.
What Happened on September 12 in Canadian History?
British Soldiers Capture the Town of Quebec (1759)
On September 12, 1759, during the Seven Years’ War, British forces under the command of General James Wolfe successfully captured the town of Quebec. This decisive event took place as part of the broader campaign to establish British dominance over French territories in North America. The British victory followed months of strategic planning and intense fighting, culminating in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, which occurred a day later on September 13.
The capture of Quebec marked a turning point in Canadian history, as it effectively paved the way for British control over much of what is now Canada. The city’s fall weakened French influence and signaled the beginning of a new era under British rule. The event had long-lasting repercussions for the country’s political and cultural landscape, influencing the relationship between French and English-speaking Canadians. The capture of Quebec on September 12 remains a key episode in the history of colonial North America.
See Also: What Happened on September 12 in History?
The District of Maple Ridge is Founded (1874)
The District of Maple Ridge, British Columbia, was officially founded on September 12, 1874. Located in the Lower Mainland region, Maple Ridge is one of the oldest municipalities in British Columbia and was established as a small rural community. The district’s founders were primarily settlers involved in agriculture and forestry, and they saw the area’s fertile land and strategic location along the Fraser River as vital for economic growth.
Maple Ridge grew steadily over the years, benefiting from the expansion of transportation networks and its proximity to Vancouver. By the late 20th century, it had evolved into a thriving suburban district with a diverse population. The founding of Maple Ridge on September 12 is a reflection of the broader patterns of settlement and development that shaped British Columbia and contributed to Canada’s westward expansion.
Canada Appoints Civil Service Commission (1908)
On September 12, 1908, Canada took a significant step toward modernizing its government institutions by appointing its first Civil Service Commission. Prior to this, civil service appointments were often subject to political patronage, and there was little oversight or regulation of the hiring process. The creation of the Civil Service Commission was intended to bring fairness and meritocracy to the selection of civil servants, ensuring that appointments were based on qualifications rather than political connections.
The establishment of the Civil Service Commission laid the foundation for a professional and impartial public service in Canada. It helped to strengthen the efficiency and integrity of government operations, contributing to the country’s growing reputation as a well-governed and democratic nation. The appointment of the commission on September 12 represents an important moment in the development of Canada’s public administration system.
Second Quebec Conference Begins (1944)
On September 12, 1944, the Second Quebec Conference began in Quebec City, bringing together key Allied leaders during World War II. Attended by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and their respective military advisors, the conference focused on post-war planning and strategy. Topics discussed included the division of occupied territories, the Morgenthau Plan, which proposed deindustrializing Germany, and the continuation of U.S. Lend-Lease aid to Britain.
The Second Quebec Conference, held just over a year after the first, reflected Canada’s strategic importance in the Allied war effort. As host to such high-level diplomatic meetings, Canada played a role in shaping the post-war order. The conference, which began on September 12, is remembered as a crucial step in coordinating Allied military and economic efforts during the final stages of World War II.
Parti Québécois Wins Parliamentary Election (1994)
On September 12, 1994, the Parti Québécois (PQ) secured a decisive victory in the Quebec parliamentary election. Led by Jacques Parizeau, the PQ won 77 out of 125 seats in the National Assembly, allowing the party to form a majority government. The PQ’s platform was centered on the pursuit of Quebec sovereignty, and their victory reignited the debate over Quebec’s future within Canada.
The 1994 election set the stage for the 1995 Quebec Referendum, in which the province narrowly voted against secession from Canada. The PQ’s victory on September 12 was a pivotal moment in Quebec’s political history, as it demonstrated the ongoing desire among many Quebecers for greater autonomy and self-determination. It also highlighted the complex relationship between Quebec and the rest of Canada, a dynamic that continues to influence Canadian politics today.
Farm Aid Concert with Barenaked Ladies (1999)
On September 12, 1999, the 12th annual Farm Aid concert was held in Bristow, Virginia. Farm Aid is a non-profit organization founded by Willie Nelson, Neil Young, and John Mellencamp in 1985 to raise awareness and funds for family farmers in the United States. The 1999 concert featured an eclectic lineup of performers, including Canadian band Barenaked Ladies, who brought their unique style and humor to the stage.
While Farm Aid is primarily a U.S.-based initiative, the participation of Canadian artists like Barenaked Ladies on September 12 highlights the solidarity between Canadian and American artists in supporting important social causes. The band’s involvement also reflects the cultural exchange between the two nations, with Canadian musicians often playing significant roles in international events and movements.
Mark Messier Announces NHL Retirement (2005)
On September 12, 2005, Canadian hockey legend Mark Messier announced his retirement from the NHL. Over a career that spanned 25 seasons, Messier established himself as one of the greatest hockey players of all time, winning six Stanley Cups and earning numerous individual accolades. Known for his leadership both on and off the ice, Messier’s retirement marked the end of an era in Canadian and international hockey.
Messier’s announcement on September 12 was a significant moment for fans and players alike. His legacy as a skilled player and inspirational captain continues to influence generations of hockey players in Canada and beyond. The impact of his retirement was felt not only in the NHL but across the sporting world, as he had become a symbol of excellence and determination in one of Canada’s most beloved sports.
Birth of Michael Ondaatje (1943)
On September 12, 1943, Michael Ondaatje, a Sri Lankan-Canadian poet and writer, was born in Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Ondaatje is best known for his novel The English Patient, which won the prestigious Booker Prize and was later adapted into an Academy Award-winning film. His works, which often explore themes of identity, memory, and displacement, have earned him a place among Canada’s most celebrated authors.
Ondaatje’s birth on September 12 marks the beginning of a literary career that has had a profound influence on Canadian literature and beyond. His writing, which blends poetry and prose with lyrical depth, has garnered international acclaim and contributed to the global recognition of Canadian literature. Ondaatje’s contributions to the literary world have cemented his legacy as one of Canada’s most important cultural figures.
Birth of Neil Peart (1952)
Neil Peart, the legendary drummer and lyricist for the Canadian rock band Rush, was born on September 12, 1952, in Hamilton, Ontario. Widely regarded as one of the greatest drummers in rock history, Peart’s technical skill and innovative drumming style set him apart in the music world. Beyond his drumming, Peart was also known for his introspective and philosophical lyrics, which often touched on themes of individualism, existentialism, and science fiction.
Peart’s birth on September 12 is a reminder of his immense contribution to both Canadian and global music. His work with Rush influenced countless musicians and helped to shape the progressive rock genre. Peart’s death in 2020 marked the end of an era in Canadian rock music, but his legacy continues to inspire fans and musicians alike.
Conclusion
September 12 has been a significant day in Canadian history, marked by a range of important events, from the founding of institutions and districts to the contributions of key political, cultural, and sports figures. Whether it is through the birth of influential writers like Michael Ondaatje, the retirement of hockey legends like Mark Messier, or the diplomatic discussions held during the Second Quebec Conference, September 12 demonstrates Canada’s rich and diverse impact on the world. Through these events and personalities, Canada’s identity as a nation continues to evolve and influence both its own people and the broader global community.