Canada’s history is shaped by moments of negotiation, diplomacy, leadership, and spirituality. September 20 stands out in Canadian history as a day marked by significant events that reflect the country’s rich diversity and its evolving relationship with Indigenous peoples, as well as the birth and death of notable political figures. From the signing of crucial treaties to visits from global spiritual leaders and milestones in political leadership, September 20 provides a window into the nation’s multifaceted past. In this article, we will explore four key events that occurred on this day, each of which had a lasting impact on Canada’s history.
What Happened on September 20 in Canadian History?
Treaty 4 Signed at Fort Qu’Appelle (1875)
On September 20, 1875, Treaty 4 was signed at Fort Qu’Appelle in what is now Saskatchewan. This treaty was part of a broader series of numbered treaties negotiated between the Canadian government and various Indigenous nations, including the Cree and Saulteaux (Chippewa). These treaties were aimed at securing land for European settlement and the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which was central to the development of Canada’s western provinces. In exchange, the government promised to provide reserves, annual payments, and other forms of assistance, including education and agricultural equipment.
For the Indigenous peoples involved, the signing of Treaty 4 was a significant moment. Facing increasing pressure from settlers and the collapse of their traditional way of life due to declining buffalo populations and other ecological changes, many First Nations saw the treaty as a means of survival. However, the treaty negotiations were fraught with misunderstandings and unequal power dynamics. Many Indigenous leaders believed they were agreeing to share the land rather than ceding it entirely, as the Canadian government interpreted the treaty. This difference in understanding led to long-standing grievances that still resonate today, as many First Nations continue to advocate for the recognition of their rights and the fulfillment of the promises made in Treaty 4.
The significance of September 20, 1875, in Canadian history lies in its enduring impact on Indigenous-settler relations. Treaty 4, like many of the numbered treaties, continues to shape discussions about land rights, sovereignty, and reconciliation. The legacy of this treaty is still felt in modern Canada, where efforts to address historical injustices and honor treaty obligations are central to the national conversation on Indigenous issues.
See Also: What Happened on September 20 in History?
Birth of John Diefenbaker (1895)
September 20, 1895, marks the birth of John Diefenbaker, who would become the 13th prime minister of Canada. Born in Neustadt, Ontario, Diefenbaker was a towering figure in Canadian politics, known for his populist approach and commitment to protecting individual freedoms. His tenure as prime minister, from 1957 to 1963, was marked by significant achievements, including the passage of the Canadian Bill of Rights, which laid the foundation for Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Diefenbaker’s political career was defined by his staunch belief in Canadian sovereignty and his determination to carve out an independent path for Canada on the global stage. He was also a strong advocate for the rights of Indigenous peoples and minority groups, making strides toward greater social justice during his time in office. However, his leadership was not without controversy. His handling of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, in which he refused to allow American nuclear weapons on Canadian soil, caused friction with the United States. Additionally, his opposition to the centralization of power in Ottawa put him at odds with many in his own party.
Despite these challenges, Diefenbaker’s legacy remains an important part of Canadian history. His contributions to civil liberties and his vision of a strong, independent Canada continue to influence the nation’s political landscape. September 20 is a day to remember the birth of this influential leader, whose impact on Canadian society is still felt today.
Pope John Paul II Visits Fort Simpson (1987)
On September 20, 1987, Pope John Paul II made a historic visit to Fort Simpson in the Northwest Territories. This visit was particularly significant because it symbolized the Catholic Church’s efforts to engage with and address the spiritual and cultural needs of Canada’s Indigenous peoples. The Pope’s visit was part of a broader Canadian tour that had been planned for 1984 but had been delayed due to poor weather conditions. His return to Fort Simpson in 1987 was seen as a gesture of respect and commitment to Indigenous communities.
During his time in Fort Simpson, Pope John Paul II held a spiritual dialogue with Indigenous leaders, reflecting on the importance of reconciliation and the need to acknowledge the harms inflicted on Indigenous peoples through colonization and the residential school system. His message of healing and hope resonated with many, and the visit was viewed as a step toward building bridges between the Catholic Church and Indigenous communities. However, for others, the Pope’s words were not enough, as the scars of residential schools and other colonial policies continued to cause deep pain and division.
The visit on September 20 remains an important chapter in Canada’s history of reconciliation. While much work remains to be done to address the legacy of colonialism, the Pope’s visit served as a reminder of the need for continued dialogue and healing between Indigenous peoples and broader Canadian society. It was a moment of spiritual reflection that highlighted the complexities of Canada’s past and the challenges of moving toward a more inclusive and just future.
Death of John Turner (2020)
September 20, 2020, marked the passing of John Turner, the 17th prime minister of Canada, at the age of 91. Turner served as prime minister for a brief period in 1984, following the resignation of Pierre Trudeau. Although his time in office was short-lived, Turner’s political career spanned several decades, and he played a key role in shaping Canadian politics during the latter half of the 20th century.
Born in England and raised in British Columbia, Turner was a brilliant lawyer and politician known for his sharp intellect and strong commitment to public service. He held several prominent cabinet positions throughout his career, including Minister of Justice and Minister of Finance. As Justice Minister, he was instrumental in liberalizing Canada’s divorce laws and championed reforms that strengthened individual rights. Despite his achievements, Turner’s tenure as prime minister was overshadowed by political challenges, including internal divisions within the Liberal Party and a growing conservative movement led by Brian Mulroney.
After losing the 1984 federal election to Mulroney, Turner continued to serve as leader of the opposition until 1990, when he retired from politics. His death on September 20, 2020, prompted a wave of tributes from across the political spectrum, with many remembering him as a dedicated public servant who fought for fairness and justice. While Turner’s time as prime minister may have been brief, his contributions to Canadian law and governance left a lasting impact on the nation.
Conclusion
September 20 holds a unique place in Canadian history, as it marks moments of both negotiation and reflection, leadership and loss. From the signing of Treaty 4 in 1875, which continues to shape Indigenous-settler relations, to the birth of John Diefenbaker in 1895, whose leadership transformed Canadian politics, this date has witnessed events that resonate through the years. The visit of Pope John Paul II in 1987 to Fort Simpson symbolized a step toward spiritual reconciliation, while the passing of John Turner in 2020 marked the end of a long and influential political career.
Each of these events on September 20 reflects the diverse and evolving nature of Canada’s history. Whether in the realm of Indigenous rights, political leadership, or spiritual dialogue, these moments provide insight into the complexities of the Canadian identity and the nation’s ongoing journey toward reconciliation and justice. The stories of this day remind us of the importance of understanding and reflecting on the past as we move toward a more inclusive and equitable future.